Biochemical
and Bioimaging Endpoints in Cardiocerebrovascular Diagnosis,
Prevention, Therapy and Drug Development
GLOSSARY
To
facilitate the dialogue among the multidisciplinary scientists,
definition of the acronyms and of more specialized terms have been
reported.
Every amendment is welcome.
By: Andrea P. Peracino
Stefano Bellosta
Nicola Ferri
Riccardo Roggeri
Apolipoprotein B (apo B) exists in human plasma as two isoforms, apo B-48 and apo B-100. Apo B-100 is the major physiological ligand for the LDL receptor. It is a large monomeric protein , containing 4536 amino acid residues. Apo B-100 is synthesised in the liver and is required for the assembly of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). It does not interchange between lipoprotein particles, as do the other lipoproteins, and it is found in IDL and LDL particles after the removal of the apolipoproteins A, apolipproteins E and apolipoproteins C.
Apo B-48 is present in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants and plays an essential role in the intestinal absorption of dietary fats. Apo B-48 is synthesised in the small intestine.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying somewhat in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by various cells.It is the final stage of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) witch is produced by the liver. The LDLLDL contains the apoprotein B-100 (Apo B-100) among is plasma lipids. links: sdLDL , large buoyant LDL
A lipid surrounded by a protein; the protein makes it so the lipid is soluble (can be dissolved) in the blood. forms:High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) - A component of cholesterol, HDL helps protect against heart disease by promoting cholesterol breakdown and removal from the blood; hence, its nickname "good cholesterol. Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) - The body's primary cholesterol-carrying molecule. High blood levels of LDL increase a person's risk of heart disease by promoting cholesterol attachment and accumulation in blood vessels; hence, the popular nickname "bad cholesterol." adj: atherogenic Lipoproteins, anti-atherogenic Lipoproteins
